ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Katuk leaves contain chemical compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. Extraction of a plant can affect the yield and chemical content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction methods on the yield and chemical content of katuk leaf extract. This research method uses Post-test Only Design and the extraction used is maceration and soxhlet, with 96% ethanol solvent. 50 g of simplisia powder was macerated with solvent in a ratio of 1:10 for 3x24 hours. Soxhlet extraction is carried out until the liquid is no longer colored. The filtrate obtained was evaporated and air dried until a thick extract was obtained. The extracts obtained from each extraction method were calculated for yield and chemical content. The yield was calculated statistically with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. If the data is normal and homogeneous , the Independent Sample T-Test test is continued, if the data is not normal and not homogeneous, the Mann-Whitney test is continued. While the chemical content is descriptive.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Helminthiasis is caused by poor hygiene and sanitation, non-adherence to
deworming treatment, and lack of knowledge about worm infections. Cases of
helminthiasis infection in Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) in 2015 reached 182
cases and in 2016 reached 165 cases. This study took place at Umbulharjo II
Community Health Center in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to
determine the level of maternal knowledge about the use of deworming drugs at
Puskesmas Umbulharjo II Yogyakarta.
This study is a descriptive type of observational research. Prospective data
collection with sampling using purposive sampling method. Data were collected
using a questionnaire instrument and analyzed by calculating the percentage value
of correct answers to filling out the questionnaire then the level of knowledge was
categorized as good, sufficient, lacking. The number of samples used in this study
was 90 people.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Diarrhea is one of the infectious diseases of the digestive tract which is a health problem in the world including Indonesia. The incidence of diarrhea increased by about 2 billion incidence of diarrhea and 1.9 million resulted in deaths in children under five worldwide. The prevalence rate of childhood diarrhea in Indonesia was recorded as 18,665 (9%) children aged 0-11 months, 18,333 (15%) children aged 12-23 months, 19. 112 (12.8%) children aged 24-35 months, 18,821 (10.2%) children aged 36-47 months and as many as 18,688 (8%) children aged 48-59 months.The purpose of this study was to determine the level of parental knowledge of the treatment of diarrhea in children at Kaliurang Sedayu Pharmacy. This study used descriptive observational method. This study used quantitative data to determine the level of parental knowledge on the treatment of diarrhea in children at Kaliurang Sedayu Pharmacy. Data analysis used a Guttman scale where the correct answer was given a score of 1 and the wrong answer was given a score of 0.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Katuk leaves contain chemical compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, polyphenols, steroids, quinones, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Factors that influence the yield and chemical content of katuk leaf extract are differences in the type of solvent. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the type of extraction solvent on the yield value and chemical content of katuk leaf extract. The extraction method used in this research was maceration, using 96% ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. Simplicia powder is macerated with each solvent (ratio 1:3) for 3 x 24 hours with stirring 15 minutes every 24 hours. The maceration results obtained were then filtered and air dried until a thick extract was obtained, then the yield value and chemical content of the katuk leaf extract were tested. Data from the results were analyzed using SPSS with the Shapiro Wilk normality test and Levene's homogeneity test with a confidence level of 95%. The yield value data was then subjected to an Independent Sample T-test to determine the influence between groups of solvent types.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Strawberry is a fruit that contains antioxidant compounds that are effective for maintaining skin health and preventing premature aging. To facilitate its application, strawberry juice is formulated in gel form. The gel is formulated with CMC Na (Carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium) base. CMC Na has good attachment strength to the skin and can also increase the viscosity of gel preparations. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of strawberry juice on the viscosity and diameter of spread of CMC Na-based gel preparations. This study was conducted using an experimental method, namely post testonly control group design by making the preparation formula, namely gel formula without strawberry juice (F1) and gel formula with strawberry juice (F2). Gel is made by developing CMC Na in water heated at a temperature of 80°C until it forms like a gel, then covered with aluminium and left to stand for 24 hours.The gel was allowed to stand for 24 hours so that the gel preparation could expand properly. The preparation was evaluated by viscosity and diameter spread test. Data that were normally distributed were analysed using the Independent t-test and data that were not normally distributed were tested with the Mann withney test with 95% confidence level.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Lip balm merupakan pelembab bibir yang dikemas dalam bentuk semi padat. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan sediaan lip balm yaitu buah jambu biji merah karena kandungan vitamin C yang tinggi. Derajat keasaman (pH) merupakan parameter penting dalam produk kosmetik yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat daya penyerapan pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sari buah jambu biji merah terhadap nilai pH sediaan lip balm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan metode posttest only control grup design. Formula lip balm terdiri dari formula kontrol basis dan formula dengan sari buah jambu biji merah 2,5% (FI), 5% (FII) dan 7,5% (FIII). Sediaan lip balm yang masing- masing telah di uji pH menggunakan pH meter digital. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS 23. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan Shapiro-Wilk dan uji homogenitas dilakukan dengan Levene’s Test. Jika data yang dihasilkan, yaitu data terdistribusi normal dan homogen dilanjutkan dengan uji One Way Anova. Jika nilai yaitu P0,05 maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji LSD. Namun jika data tidak terdistribusi normal dilakukan uji non parametrik dengan Kruskall Wallis.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Drug abuse is a problem that often occurs in the community. DAGUSIBU is a program to realize a drug-aware family movement. The level of knowledge of DAGUSIBU medicine among PKK mothers in Panjang Kidul neighborhood, Semarang Regency is still in the insufficient category, which is 59%. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of the level of knowledge about DAGUSIBU medicine in the community of Pereng Hamlet, Kulon Progo Regency. This study uses an observational method that is descriptive in nature. Sampling by purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in 137 respondents. The research instrument used was a closed questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by summing up the scores of each respondent, then calculating the percentage of the assessment to determine the level of community knowledge included in the good, sufficient, or lacking category.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Pandan wangi leaf extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin compounds. The withdrawal of these compounds is carried out using a maceration extraction process with variations in solvent concentration. The variation of solvent concentration can affect the chemical content and yield value. This study aims to determine the effect of solvent concentration on the chemical content and yield value of pandan wangi leaf extract in 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol solvents. Post-test Only Design experimental research method by extracting by maceration of fragrant pandanus leaves using 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol solvents. The results of each extraction were calculated and chemical content tests were carried out, namely, phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, steroid and terpenoid tests. The results of chemical content were tested descriptively, while the results of the yield value were analyzed with SPSS. The normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test because the sample tested was 50 and the homogeneity test was performed using the Levence test. Then further tests were carried out using the Independent Sample T-Test test. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Kersen leaves has known to have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of kersen leaves ethanol extract against S. epidermidis bacteria and to determine the potential activity against S. epidermidis bacteria compared to gentamicin. Kersen leaves were extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent for 24 hours. Tests were carried out using the well-diffusion method using 7 treatment groups, kersen leaves ethanol extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% as test sample, gentamicin concentration of 10µg as a positive control, aqua pro injection as a negative control, and 96% ethanol as a solvent control. Each treatment was incubate at 35oC for 24 hours. The data obtained in the form of inhibition zones were and analyzed and measure for sensitivity based on CLSI. Antibacterial activity indicates the diameter of inhibition zone of bacteria S. epidermidis in concentration 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively of 11,46±0,15mm; 9,26±0,20mm; 7,80±0,10mm dan 6,30±0,20mm with the category of resistnace and gentamicin showed the diameter of inhibition zone was 12,06±0,11mm with a resistanc category. The conclusion of the study, kersen leaves extract has antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis bacteria, but its potency is not comparable to gentamicin in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Angkak merupakan beras hasil fermentasi oleh kapang (Monascus purpureus) sehingga berwarna merah,yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat pewarna bibir yang memiliki antioksidan. Lipstik salah satu sediaan kosmetik yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pewarna bibir, dilengkapi dengan elemen untuk menghidrasi dan melindungi bibir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui perbedaan variasi konsentrasi cera alba dapat memenuhi persyaratan uji fisikokimia dari sediaan lipstik ekstrak angkak.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental post test only design. Ekstraksi angkak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak angkak dibuat dalam sediaan lipstik basis cera alba dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20%. Pengujian organoleptis dan homogenitas dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan hasil pH dan hasil titik lebur dianalisis menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistik 23. Langkah awal uji normalitas Shapiro Wilk dan uji homogenitas dengan uji Levene’s test, jika data terdistribusi normal dan homogen (sig > 0,05) dilanjutkan dengan uji One Way Anova. Jika pada uji One Way Anova terdapat perbedaan bermakna (sig < 0,05) maka dilakukan uji lanjutan dengan uji LSD. Jika data tidak terdistribusi normal dilakukan uji Kruskal Wallis, jika pada uji Kruskal Wallis terdapat perbedaan bermakna (sig < 0,05) maka dilakukan uji lanjutan dengan uji Mann Whitney.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Lipbalm merupakan sediaan yang digunakan pada bibir bertujuan untuk melindungi bibir dari pengaruh buruk lingkungan. Selain dapat melindungi bibir lipbalm juga dapat memberikan warna pada bibir. Angkak merupakan beras hasil fermentasi kapang Monascus purpureus yang dapat memberikan pigmen warna merah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memformulasikan ekstrak angkak (Monascus purpureus) menjadi sediaan lipbalm.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksprimental posttest only design. Ekstrak angkak diperoleh dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% selama 1x24 jam kemudian di remaserasi sebanyak 2 kali. Cera flava diformulasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20%. Hasil pengujian organoleptis dan homogenitas dianalisis secara deskriptif sedangkan hasil pH dan hasil titik lebur dianalisis dengan program IBM SPSS Statistik 23. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan uji Shapiro Wilk dan uji homogenitas dilakukan dengan uji Levene’s test, jika nilai (sig >0,05) maka data terdistribusi normal dan homogen selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan uji One Way Anova. Jika pada uji One Way Anova terdapat perbedaan bermakna (sig <0,05) maka dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Jika data terdistribusi normal dilanjutkan dengan uji Kruskal Walis, selanjutnya jika terdapat perbdaan bermagna (sig <0,05) maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Self-medication is an action that is most often done by someone before finally deciding to see a doctor. Self-medication is done to treat minor illnesses. Self-medication is usually done with over-the-counter drugs and limited over-the-counter drugs that can be obtained at stalls, drug stores, and pharmacies. Research conducted in Sijunjung Regency regarding the use of over-the-counter drugs and limited over-the-counter drugs for self-medication resulted in 12% in the good category, 33% in the sufficient category, and 55% in the deficient category. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of Keloran Village residents regarding the use of over-the-counter drugs and limited over-the-counter drugs in February 2024. This research is a descriptive observational study. The sample used was 100 people taken by purposive sampling method. Data analysis begins with validity and reliability tests. The level of knowledge was assessed based on the score, namely the correct answer was given a score of 1 and the wrong answer was given a value of 0. The data obtained from the questionnaire was then calculated by calculating the percentage of knowledge level assessment. The percentage results were categorized into good, sufficient, and deficient categories. Keywords: Knowledge level, self-medication, over-the-counter drugs, limited over-the-counter drugs
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Papaya leaves contain carpine alkaloid compounds which function as antibacterial and anti-acne. Papaya leaves can be made in extract form used as an active ingredient in gel preparations. Gel base used using carbopol. Carbopol was chosen because it is non-toxic and not irritates the skin when used topically. It is non-toxic and notirritates the skin when used topically. Gel preparation needs to be done test evaluation. This research aims to determine the effect of addition papaya leaf extract against pH test and distribution diameter test.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Papaya leaves contain antibacterial compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins which function as antiseptics. Based on its activity, papaya leaves can be used as an antiseptic to form solid soap. Solid soap is a cleanser made by chemically reacting sodium base and fatty acids. NaOH is the main ingredient in the saponification process. This research aims to determine the effect of NaOH concentration on the water content of papaya leaf solid soap preparations. This research is an experimental Post-test Only Design research. Variations in NaOH concentration used were 5%; 8.5%; and 12%. The research carried out included making solid soap preparations and testing water content. Data analysis used the SPSS 26 program. Data was tested for normality using the Shapiro – Wilk method. If the data is normally distributed and homogeneous then proceed with the One Way ANOVA test with a confidence level of 95%. If the Sig value is 0.05 then proceed with the Post Hoc LSD test. The water content test results obtained on FI, FII and FIII respectively were 5.4 ± 0.1%; 4.43±01%; and 3.4 ± 0.1%. The results of the Post Hoc LSD test obtained a significant value of 0.000 0.05, which means there is a significant difference in variations in NaOH concentration. The conclusion of this research is that variations in the concentration of NaOH in the solid papaya leaf soap used have an effect on the water content of the solid papaya leaf soap preparation.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Self-medication is an attempt to treat oneself using medicine, traditional medicine, or other means without direction or information from a health professional. The Central Bureau of Statistics noted that in 2023 there were 79.74% of the Indonesian population and 73.3% in the Yogyakarta area who practiced self-medication, this shows that self-medication is often practiced in society, including adolescents. According to previous research 53.9% of adolescents self-medicated against Influenza. According to WHO, there are at least one billion people each year affected by influenza. Influenza is a disease caused by a virus and is very contagious. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of SMA N 1 Bambanglipuro Bantul students about self-medication of influenza disease. The research method used was descriptive observational. The sampling method used in this study was random sampling method, from a population of 368 students, a sample of 80 students was taken. This study used a measuring instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge of respondents. The data obtained were described as good, sufficient, lack of knowledge.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
The cherry plant has great potential to be utilized because the leaves of this plant contain chemical properties that are useful for health. Cherry leaves have several chemical contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The chemical content in plants can be obtained through an extraction process. Differences in solvent concentration in the extraction process can affect the yield and chemical content of the extract. This research aims to determine the solvent concentration on the yield and chemical content of cherry leaves. This type of research uses a post test only design. Extraction of cherry leaves using 70% and 96% ethanol solvent. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method for 3x24 hours. The extract obtained is evaporated by air, until the extract is thick. The results of the thick extract were calculated for yield and phytochemical screening. The yield values obtained were subjected to a normality test using Shapiro-Wilk, while the homogeneity test was carried out using the Levene's Test. Data that is normally and homogeneously distributed is followed by the Independent Sample T-Test. If the data is not normally distributed then analysis is carried out using Mann-Whitney. The results of the phytochemical screening in the form of chemical content of 70% and 96% ethanol cherry leaf extract are presented descriptively.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AT THE KALIURANG SEDAYU PHARMACY YEAR 2023 abstrac Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common pain relievers used by more than 30 million people every day for chronic health problems such as arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lupus, etc.). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in up to 5-10% of all drugs prescribed each year. The prevalence of general practitioner prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients over 65 years of age is >96%, while 7.3% of patients over 60 years of age receive a prescription for at least one type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug every year. The aim of this study was to determine the prescribing pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the Kaliurang Sedayu Pharmacy. This research uses descriptive observational research. The data taken was carried out retrospectively, then a descriptive analysis was carried out regarding the appropriateness of prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the Kaliurang Sedayu Pharmacy in 2023. Data was collected on patient prescriptions containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatories at the Kaliurang Sedayu Pharmacy for the period 2023. This research describes patient characteristics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescribing patterns including drug name, drug class, and dosage form. Key words: anti-inflammatory, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, prescribing patterns
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Daun katuk memiliki senyawa aktif meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, sapoin, steorid, dan tanin. Jumlah rendemen yang dihasilkan dan perolehan senyawa aktif salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi pelarut. Salah satu pelarut yang biasanya digunakan untuk proses ekstraksi adalah etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi pelarut terhadap rendemen yang dihasilkan serta kandungan kimia yang terdapat dalam ekstrak daun katuk. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan Post-test Only Design. Pelarut yang akan digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah pelarut polar yaitu etanol 70% dan etanol 96%. Serbuk simplisia dimaserasi dengan masing-masing pelarut (perbandingan 1:3) selama 3x24 jam. Filtrat yang didapat kemudian disaring dan didiamkan dengan cara diangin-anginkan sampai terbentuk ekstrak kental. Ekstrak kental yang diperoleh dihitung rendemennya dan diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk. Jika data terdistribusi normal dan homogen dilanjutkan dengan uji parametrik Independent Sample T-Test, namun jika data tidak terdistribusi normal dan tidak homogen dilanjutkan uji non parametrik Mann-Whitney. Hasil pengujian skrining fitokimia antara lain uji fenolik, uji alkaloid, uji flavonoid, uji saponin, uji tanin, dan uji terpenoid. Data hasil skrining fitokimia disajikan secara deskriptif.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Tea leaf extract contains high antioxidants in the form of catechins that can be utilised in cosmetic preparations. Tea leaf extract is formulated in the form of a cream preparation with varying concentrations of stearic acid to facilitate use. This study aims to determine the physicochemical properties of tea leaf extract cream preparations with varying concentrations of stearic acid. The research method used Post Test Only Design. Extraction of tea leaf powder using 96% ethanol solvent by remaseration method. Tea leaf extract was made into cream preparations with variations in stearic acid concentrations F1 (10%), F2 (12.5%), and F3 (15%). Cream preparations were evaluated for physicochemical properties including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test and spread diameter test. Data from organoleptic and homogeneity tests were analysed descriptively. The pH test and spread diameter were analysed with SPSS 26, using One Way Anova test followed by LSD test. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the cream had a yellowish green colour, a distinctive smell of tea leaves, and the form of F1 was slightly thick, F2 was thick, and F3 was very thick. Homogeneity test showed all three formulas were homogeneous. The pH test results showed F1 (7.89±0.13), F2 (7.65±0.10), and F3 (7.32±0.23). Spread diameter test showed F1 (6.49±0.03cm), F2 (5.33±0.16cm), and F3 (4.84±0.07cm). Organoleptic, homogenised, and pH tests met the requirements while the spread diameter test did not meet the requirements.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Patient satisfaction is a component of the quality of health services they receive. The quality of health services leads to a level of service perfection and produces a sense of satisfaction in every patient. If the expectations desired by consumers are achieved, it can be stated that customer satisfaction is realized. Thus customer satisfaction is very important to study because it will affect the quality of service provided. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Elok Farma Pharmacy, Yogyakarta, January-February 2024. This study used a descriptive observational method with purposive sampling. The population in this study were 1655 who had come to the pharmacy with a sample size of 95 who had inclusion and exclusion criteria. The tool used in this study was a questionnaire.
