ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Limbah biji pepaya memiliki kandungan kimia berupa karpain dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kandungan kimia tersebut bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat limbah biji pepaya sebagai sabun cuci piring dengan aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian menggunakan posttest only control group design. Biji pepaya diekstraksi dengan pelarut alkohol 96% secara maserasi selama 72 jam. Hasil ekstrak dibuat sabun cuci piring. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram menggunakan 4 kelompok, 3 kelompok perlakuan dan 1 kelompok kontrol yaitu sabun cuci piring ekstrak biji pepaya dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan kontrol positif menggunakan sabun cuci piring cair (sunlight). Setiap perlakuan diinkubasi pada suhu 37 °C selama 24 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro Wilk dan uji homogenitas menggunakan Lavene’s test. Data yang terdistribusi normal dan homogen, dilanjutkan uji One Way Anova dan dilakukan analisis Least Significant Difference. Data yang tidak terdistribusi normak dan tidak homogen diuji dengan Kruskal wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan Mann-Whitney.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Various studies have found that approximately 40-62% of antibiotics are used inappropriately for diseases that do not actually require antibiotics. According to The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, antibiotic resistance causes more than 2 million illnesses and approximately 23,000 deaths in the United States. The objective of this study is to determine the patterns of antibiotic use, patient characteristics, antibiotic names, and antibiotic classes at K-24 Gejayan Pharmacy during the period of July–September 2024. The method used in this study was a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection. The sample in this study consisted of prescriptions containing antibiotics at K-24 Gejayan Pharmacy from July to September 2024, totaling 300 samples. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively based on patient characteristics, antibiotic drug names, and antibiotic classes. The results of this study revealed that there were 8 antibiotic classes used at K-24 Pharmacy, consisting of cephalosporins (35.67%), penicillins (25%), macrolides (13.67%), lincosamides (8%), nitroimidazoles (6%), quinolones (5.67%), tetracyclines (4.67%), and sulfonamides (1.32%). The three most frequently prescribed antibiotic names at K-24 Pharmacy were cefixime (21.7%), amoxicillin (19.7%), and cefadroxil (14%). The conclusion of this study is that the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class is cephalosporins (35.67%), and the most commonly prescribed antibiotic drug is amoxicillin 500mg (19.7%).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Pharmaceutical services are direct services related to the preparation and provision of pharmaceutical products, playing a vital role in improving individuals’ quality of life. Previous studies have shown that 54.56% of patients were dissatisfied with the pharmaceutical services they received. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of patient satisfaction with self-medication services at Stepa Sewon Pharmacy. This research uses a descriptive observational method with prospective data collection. Patient satisfaction is measured using five dimensions of service quality: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible evidence. The sample consists of 100 respondents who were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with self-medication services. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by calculating the average satisfaction percentage. Based on research on the level of patient satisfaction with self-medication services at Stepa Pharmacy Sewon in January 2025, it is known that the service is in the very satisfied category. The percentage of satisfaction in each dimension includes, reliability 86,67%, responsiveness 88%, assurance 85,67%, empathy 89,33%, and physical evidence 89,13%. The conclusion of this study regarding the level of patient satisfaction with self-medication services at Stepa Pharmacy is categorized as very satisfied.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Pegagan leaves have antioxidant activity. The use of pegagan leaf extract can be made easier by formulating it into a cream preparations. This study aims to determine the effect of different emulsifier concentrations on the pH and homogeneity of the cream preparation of pegagan leaf extract. The research method is an experimental posttest only design. The extract of pegagan leaves was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. The obtained extract was formulated into cream preparations, creating 3 formulas with different concentrations of the emulsifiers Tween 80 and Span 80, namely F1 (4:6), F2 (5:5), and F3 (6:4). The cream preparation of the pegagan leaf extract was tested for physical properties, including pH and homogeneity tests. The homogenity test results were analyzed descriptively. The pH test was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test followed by the LSD test. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the cream was green in color, had a characteristic pegagan leaf smell, and the consistency of F1 was thick, while F2 and F3 were somewhat thick. The homogeneity test showed that all three formulas were homogeneous. The pH test results indicated that F1, F2, and F3 had values of 7.62±0.08; 7.79±0.10; and 7.86±0.08, respectively, which showed significant differences (sig0.05). The conclusion of the study showed that different emulsifier concentrations affect the pH test and homogeneity of the centella asiatica leaf extract cream formulation.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Patient satisfaction is a form of assessment from patients who receive services provided by pharmacists. Previous research data involving 167 respondents showed that 58.08% (97) of patients were dissatisfied with the services received in terms of responsiveness, reliability, assurance, friendliness, and tangible evidence. This study aims to determine the level of patient satisfaction with self-medication services at Bahagia Kretek Pharmacy in January 2025. A descriptive observational method was used through a questionnaire to obtain more in-depth information regarding patient satisfaction with self-medication services at Bahagia Kretek Pharmacy based on five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The sample consisted of 94 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods, by evaluating the responses from the questionnaire and calculating the average score of reality and expectations, then comparing them. The results and conclusion of the study on the level of patient satisfaction with self-medication services showed that the reliability dimension scored in the very satisfied category (0.97), responsiveness in the very satisfied category (0.97), assurance in the very satisfied category (0.97), empathy in the very satisfied category (0.98), and tangibles in the very satisfied category (0.98), with an overall average score of 0.97 (very satisfied category).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Corticosteroids are drugs that contain steroid hormones that are useful for increasing steroid hormones in the body when needed, and relieving inflammation, as well as suppressing the overwork of the immune system. Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers by taking 10 random prescriptions in January there were 4% prescriptions, in March there were 2% and in May there were 6% prescriptions containing corticosteroid drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of prescribing oral corticosteroid drugs at Madukismo Farma Pharmacy for the May-August 2024 period. This study uses an observational method that is descriptive with retrospective data collection. with a total sample of 90 recipes. The results of the study found that regarding the pattern of prescribing oral corticosteroids based on gender and age, the most were female patients (56%) and 18-59 years old (80%). Meanwhile, the percentages based on the type of drug and the most drug class are methylprednisolone (78%) and glucocorticoid group (100%).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Pharmacy is a pharmaceutical service facility where pharmacists practice pharmacy. The purpose of storing drugs is to maintain the quality of pharmaceutical preparations, avoid irresponsible use, maintain availability, and facilitate searching and supervision. The purpose of this study was to find out about how to manage drug storage at Kinanti Farma Imogiri Pharmacy, Bantul Regency. This research method uses a descriptive observational method, the number of samples of 144 drug items was used. The sampling technique used Probability Sampling, namely Random Sampling. Evaluation of drug storage used in this study used Permenkes No. 73 of 2016. The results of the study showed that drug storage at the Kinanti Farma Pharmacy, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, was in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 73 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Standards in Pharmacies by 80%, which value is included in the "Good" storage criteria.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Lip balm merupakan pelembab bibir yang dikemas dalam bentuk semi padat. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan sediaan lip balm yaitu buah jambu biji merah karena kandungan vitamin C yang tinggi. Derajat keasaman (pH) merupakan parameter penting dalam produk kosmetik yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat daya penyerapan pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sari buah jambu biji merah terhadap nilai pH sediaan lip balm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan metode posttest only control grup design. Formula lip balm terdiri dari formula kontrol basis dan formula dengan sari buah jambu biji merah 2,5% (FI), 5% (FII) dan 7,5% (FIII). Sediaan lip balm yang masing- masing telah di uji pH menggunakan pH meter digital. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS 23. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan Shapiro-Wilk dan uji homogenitas dilakukan dengan Levene’s Test. Jika data yang dihasilkan, yaitu data terdistribusi normal dan homogen dilanjutkan dengan uji One Way Anova. Jika nilai yaitu P0,05 maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji LSD. Namun jika data tidak terdistribusi normal dilakukan uji non parametrik dengan Kruskall Wallis.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Tea leaf extract contains high antioxidants in the form of catechins that can be utilised in cosmetic preparations. Tea leaf extract is formulated in the form of a cream preparation with varying concentrations of stearic acid to facilitate use. This study aims to determine the physicochemical properties of tea leaf extract cream preparations with varying concentrations of stearic acid. The research method used Post Test Only Design. Extraction of tea leaf powder using 96% ethanol solvent by remaseration method. Tea leaf extract was made into cream preparations with variations in stearic acid concentrations F1 (10%), F2 (12.5%), and F3 (15%). Cream preparations were evaluated for physicochemical properties including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test and spread diameter test. Data from organoleptic and homogeneity tests were analysed descriptively. The pH test and spread diameter were analysed with SPSS 26, using One Way Anova test followed by LSD test. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the cream had a yellowish green colour, a distinctive smell of tea leaves, and the form of F1 was slightly thick, F2 was thick, and F3 was very thick. Homogeneity test showed all three formulas were homogeneous. The pH test results showed F1 (7.89±0.13), F2 (7.65±0.10), and F3 (7.32±0.23). Spread diameter test showed F1 (6.49±0.03cm), F2 (5.33±0.16cm), and F3 (4.84±0.07cm). Organoleptic, homogenised, and pH tests met the requirements while the spread diameter test did not meet the requirements.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Variasi konsentrasi NaOH berpengaruh terhadap pH dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik organoleptis warna dan bau daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) .Konsentrasi NaOH dapat menghasilkan sediaan yang memenuhi syarat yaitu pada formula 1,2, dan 3. dengan konsentrasi NaOH 5%, 8,5%, 12%
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Daun salam diketahui memiliki kandungan kimia golongan fenolik yang
berperan sebagai penangkal radikal bebas dan menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan.
Daun salam terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan pada bentuk seduhan. Aktivitas
antioksidan dapat dipengaruhi oleh lama waktu penyeduhan. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu penyeduhan terhadap aktivitas
antioksidan seduhan daun salam.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental Postest Only Design dengan
variasi lama waktu penyeduhan selama 5, 15, 30 menit. Pengujian aktivitas
antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-
Vis. Aktivitas antioksidan seduhan daun salam diukur dengan menghitung nilai
IC50. Data nilai IC50 seduhan daun salam dan pembanding kuersetin selanjutnya
dianalisis menggunakan uji Games Howell.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi seduhan daun salam berpotensi
sebagai antioksidan tetapi aktvitas antioksidannya belum sebanding dengan
kuersetin. Nilai IC50 yang diperoleh dari sampel seduhan daun salam 5 menit
sebesar 8476,06 ± 1340,27 ppm, seduhan daun salam 15 menit sebesar 5137,08 ±
874,65 ppm, seduhan daun salam 30 menit sebesar 5483,77 ± 652,21 ppm dengan
kategori sangat lemah. Hasil nilai IC50 sampel seduhan daun salam memiliki
aktivitas antioksidan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pembanding kuersetin
yaitu dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 9,79 ± 0,91 ppm dengan kategori sangat kuat.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
APOTEK K-24 CEBONGAN YOGYAKARTA PERIOD SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2023 ABSTRACT Drug management is an activity related to aspects of planning, procurement, receiving, storage, destruction, control, recording and reporting. Drug management is used to ensure the availability of drugs whenever they are needed, both in terms of quantity, type and quality for effective and efficient operational activities. Poor planning can lead to full storage and the risk of drugs expiring, being damaged or even stock dying. The aim of this research is to find out an overview of the management of expired medicines at Apotek K-24 Cebongan Yogyakarta for the period September-December 2023. This research is a qualitative descriptive observational study. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling with a total of 73 samples. The analysis in this research includes calculating the percentage of drugs that have expired in the period September-December 2023, interview observations to find out the factors causing expired drugs and how to manage expired drugs at the K-24 Cebongan Pharmacy.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Salam leaves have phenolic content that has potential as an antioxidant. One factor that affects antioxidant activity is particle size. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different particle sizes of simplisia powder on the antioxidant activity of salam leaf tea.
The samples tested were dried salam leaves with particle sizes of 8 and 60 mesh, then each particle size was prepared by brewing using distilled water at 95 ℃ for 30 minutes. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry by looking at the inhibition of DPPH radicals. Antioxidant activity was calculated as percent inhibition and IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration).
The results showed that salam leaf steeping using mesh 8 had antioxidant activity of 4,001.39 ± 271.66, mesh 60 had antioxidant activity of 3787.26 ± 343.53 and quercetin comparison of 9.79 ± 0.91. The inhibition value of DPPH free radicals shows that salam leaf steeping using mesh 8 and mesh 60 is included in the weak category while quercetin is included in the strong category, based on the results obtained using spps test with Games Howell test which states that the size of mesh 8 and mesh 60 has no effect on the antioxidant activity of salam leaf steeping.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Medication error is a health problem that can affect patients. One of the steps to prevent and reduce the risk of medication errors is to conduct a prescription review / prescription screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the completeness of patient prescriptions at the Ramadhan Yogyakarta Pharmacy based on administrative aspects and pharmaceutical aspects for the period July - December 2023. This study used a descriptive observational method, with restrospective data collection on patient prescriptions for the period July - December 2023. The sampling technique in this study used simple random sampling technique on 276 prescriptions. Data were analyzed including the percentage of administrative and pharmacetic completeness.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
The most common health problem in Indonesia is infection. Infectious diseases occur because the body is exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses. Antibiotics are the main therapy that doctors often prescribe to inhibit disease-causing bacteria. More than 50% of antibiotic prescriptions are used for viral infections, although it is known that antibiotic compounds do not have antiviral properties, thus increasing the need for antibiotics. This study aims to determine the pattern of antibiotic prescribing for BPJS patients at the Ramadhan Yogyakarta Pharmacy.
This study used a descriptive observational method with retrospective data collection. The population of this study were all BPJS patient prescriptions in October-December 2023 at Ramadhan Pharmacy. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique totaling 98 prescriptions. Data analysis includes patient characteristics (age and gender) and antibiotic prescribing patterns (types and classes of antibiotics).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Papaya seeds contain compounds such as phenols, alkaloids and saponins which have antibacterial properties. This research aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of dishwashing soap from papaya seed waste (Carica papaya L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is experimental research with a posttest only control group design method. The samples used were ethanol extract of papaya seeds made into dishwashing soap with a concentration of 2.5%; 5%; and 7.5%. Dish washing soap was tested for organoleptic and antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed is categorized based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). The data obtained was then analyzed statistically with a normality test using the Shapiro Wilk test and a homogeneity test using Levene's test. The data were distributed normally and homogeneously, followed by the One Way Anova test and the Least Significant Difference analysis was carried out. Data that is not normally distributed and is not homogeneous is tested with Kruskal Wallis. and continued with the Mann-Whitney test. Papaya seeds obtained from rujak traders are then sorted, washed, dried and ground and extracted using the maceration method. The yield value obtained was 7.88%. The resulting extract was then made into dishwashing soap with 3 formulations, namely Formulation 1 with 2.5% extract, Formulation 2 with 5% extract, and Formulation 3 with 7.5% extract. The preparation was then subjected to organoleptic testing and antibacterial activity testing. The results of the organoleptic test are that the higher the concentration used, the more intense the color produced. The results of the antibacterial activity test on the formulation of each preparation had an average inhibitory zone diameter of 13.0 mm (F1); 10.7mm (F2); and 7.2 mm (F3). The results of formula 1 have the highest average diameter of resistance and are close to the positive control results, namely 17.5 mm.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Ketapang is a plant that is often found in Indonesia and is widely used as a medicinal plant. Ketapang leaves contain phenolic compounds which are efficacious as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of steeping ketapang leaves in the form of dried simplicia. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl). The sample tested for dried ketapang leaf simplicia was prepared using sieve number 8 and then brewed using distilled water with an initial temperature of 95oC. Brewing is done for 30 minutes and the steeping temperature will drop. Samples of steeping dried ketapang leaves were made with concentration series of 625 ppm, 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, 5000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. The reference solution used was quercetin with concentration series of 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity was calculated in the value of % inhibition and IC50 (50% Inhibitory Concentration). The significance of the difference between the sample and the controls was analyzed using SPSS 23. The results showed that steeping ketapang leaves and quercetin had IC50 values of 10,020.79 ± 45.69 and 18.98 ± 0.41, respectively. The DPPH free radical inhibition value indicated that the steeping of ketapang leaves had weaker antioxidant activity than quercetin.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
lidah buaya memiliki kandungan senyawa saponin, flavonoid, polifenol, dan tanin yang mempunya kemampuan sebagai antiseptik. idah buaya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antiseptik, salah satunya sebagai pemberssih tangan pada sediaan hand sanitizer spray. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik organoleptis dan pH sediaan hand sanitizer spray lidah buaya.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
INTISARI
Daun katuk memiliki kandungan kimia berupa polifenol, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpernoid yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun katuk terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan mengetahui potensi aktivitas ekstrak daun katuk sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis dibandingkan dengan siprofloksasin.
Metode penelitian menggunakan post test only control group design. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran menggunakan 8 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak daun katuk konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, siprofloksasin konsentrasi 5µg sebagai kontrol positif, aqua pro injection sebagai kontol negative, dan etanol 96% sebagai kontrol pelarut. Diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan merupakan data yang akan diukur dan dianalisa berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Pengujian normalitas dan homogenitas menggunakan Shapiro Wilk dan Levene’s test. Data yang terdistibusi normal dan homogen diuji dengan One Way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference. Data yang tidak terdistribusi normal dan tidak homogen diuji dengan Kruskal wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan Mann-whitney
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Pharmaceutical services are services related to pharmaceutical preparations that are responsible and aim to improve the quality of life. Patient satisfaction is a feeling that arises after getting pharmaceutical services. Patient satisfaction can be measured through 5 dimensions, namely responsiveness, reliability, empathy, assurance and direct evidence (tangiable). The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Barokah Pharmacy Farma Kretek Bantul.
The research method used was descriptive observational using a closed questionnaire and sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The population in this study were patients who received self-medication pharmaceutical services at the Barokah Farma Kretek Pharmacy, Bantul, the data used were primary data collected using a questionnaire instrument. The data were analyzed by calculating the percentage value of the level of satisfaction on the questionnaire, then the level of satisfaction was categorized into the categories Satisfied, Satisfied, Not Satisfied.
The results of this study are the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Barokah Farma Kretek Bantul Pharmacy for 80 respondents in the responsiveness aspect included in the category , reliability, empathy, assurance.
