HASANAH

Dasar-Dasar Analisis Fisikokimia di Bidang Farmasi

Pengaruh Jenis Terapi Antidiabetik Oral Terhadap Kadar HbA1c Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Pleret Bulan Mei 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin or not being able to use the insulin produced effectively. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia reaches 8.5%, of which about 90% are cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the effect of different oral antidiabetic therapies on the HbA1c levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus at the Puskesmas Pleret. The research method used is observational analytical with retrospective data collection on the medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The population in this study consists of all medical records of prolanis patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Pleret in May 2025. Sampling was conducted using a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis includes patient characteristics, the use of oral antidiabetic agents, achievement of HbA1c, and the effect of oral antidiabetic agents on HbA1c using Chi-Square in SPSS version 25 to determine the impact of the type of antidiabetic medication on HbA1c levels. The results and conclusions of this study show that the majority of patients are female (80%) with the most common age range being 55-65 years (52.3%). The type of therapy most commonly used is combination therapy (64.4%), with HbA1c not achieved in those receiving combination therapy of biguanides and sulfonylureas (40%). The data analyzed using Chi-Square test showed no effect of the type of oral antidiabetic therapy on HbA1c levels (p= 0.691).

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Kersen leaves contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves against Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the potential antibacterial activity compared to gentamicin. Antibacterial activity testing was conducted using the well diffusion method with 7 treatment groups, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of ethanol extract from kersen leaves, gentamicin 10μg/20μl as the positive control, water for injection as the negative control, and 96% ethanol as the solvent control. Each treatment was inoculated with bacteria, then dripped with ethanol extract of kersen leaves, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the data obtained in the form of inhibition zones were measured and analyzed for sensitivity based on CLSI with gentamicin as a comparison. Antibacterial activity showed the diameter of the inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 25%; 50%; 75% and 100% of kersen leaf extract measuring 13.66±0.16mm; 14.58±0.22mm; 15.16±0.15mm and 16.46±0.15mm, with intermediate categories at concentrations of 25% and 50% and sensitive at concentrations of 75% and 100%. Gentamicin showed an inhibition zone diameter of 17.66±0.20mm with a sensitive category according to CLSI. The results of the inhibition zone indicated a significant difference between the extract treatment groups and the positive control gentamicin (sig0.05). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kersen leaves has antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria, but its potency is not comparable to gentamicin.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Kersen leaves contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves against Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the potential antibacterial activity compared to gentamicin. Antibacterial activity testing was conducted using the well diffusion method with 7 treatment groups, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of ethanol extract from kersen leaves, gentamicin 10μg/20μl as the positive control, water for injection as the negative control, and 96% ethanol as the solvent control. Each treatment was inoculated with bacteria, then dripped with ethanol extract of kersen leaves, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the data obtained in the form of inhibition zones were measured and analyzed for sensitivity based on CLSI with gentamicin as a comparison. Antibacterial activity showed the diameter of the inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 25%; 50%; 75% and 100% of kersen leaf extract measuring 13.66±0.16mm; 14.58±0.22mm; 15.16±0.15mm and 16.46±0.15mm, with intermediate categories at concentrations of 25% and 50% and sensitive at concentrations of 75% and 100%. Gentamicin showed an inhibition zone diameter of 17.66±0.20mm with a sensitive category according to CLSI. The results of the inhibition zone indicated a significant difference between the extract treatment groups and the positive control gentamicin (sig0.05). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kersen leaves has antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria, but its potency is not comparable to gentamicin.

Pengaruh Jenis Terapi Antidiabetik Oral Terhadap Kadar HbA1c Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Pleret Bulan Mei 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the pancreas's inability to produce enough insulin or effectively use the insulin produced. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia reaches 8.5%, with about 90% of those cases being type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral antidiabetic therapy is the primary choice for treating type 2 diabetes. The success of this therapy can be assessed through HbA1c levels, which reflect long-term blood sugar control. This study aims to determine the effect of different types of oral antidiabetic therapy on HbA1c levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Pleret. The research method uses an observational analytic design with a retrospective approach based on the medical records data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The population in this study consists of all medical records of prolanis patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Pleret in May 2025. Sampling was done using saturated sampling technique on 65 medical records. Data analysis included patient characteristics, use of oral antidiabetic agents, achievement of HbA1c, and the effect of oral antidiabetic agents on HbA1c using Chi-Square, in SPSS version 25 to determine the effect of the type of antidiabetic medication on HbA1c levels. The results of this study's Chi-Square test showed a significance value (2-sided) of 0.691 > 0.05. This means that there is no effect of the type of therapy on HbA1c levels in prolanis type II diabetes patients.

Penetapan Kadar Total Fenolik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) memiliki kandungan kimia berupa flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan tannin. Daun ketapang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antifungi dan antibakteri. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung pada daun ketapang merupakan golongan fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar total fenolik ekstrak etanol daun ketapang. Ekstrak etanol daun ketapang ditetapkan kadar fenolik menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan reagen folin-ciocalteu dengan kurva baku standar asam galat. Pembacaan absorbansi dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 778,0 nm dengan aborbansi yang diperoleh dalam persamaan kurva baku y = 0,0047x + 0,0161. Penetapan kadar total fenolik ekstrak daun ketapang dilakukan pada konsentrasi 100 ppm dengan 3 kali replikasi. Analisis kadar total fenolik ekstrak etanol daun ketapang dilakukan secara deksriptif dengan membandingkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil absorbansi yang diperoleh diketahui kadar total fenolik dari ekstrak etanol daun ketapang sebesar 48,702 ppm dalam 100 ppm ekstrak.

Penetapan Kadar Total Fenolik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) memiliki kandungan kimia berupa flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan tannin. Daun ketapang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antifungi dan antibakteri. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung pada daun ketapang merupakan golongan fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar total fenolik ekstrak etanol daun ketapang. Ekstrak etanol daun ketapang ditetapkan kadar fenolik menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan reagen folin-ciocalteu dengan kurva baku standar asam galat. Pembacaan absorbansi dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 778,0 nm dengan aborbansi yang diperoleh dalam persamaan kurva baku y = 0,0047x + 0,0161. Penetapan kadar total fenolik ekstrak daun ketapang dilakukan pada konsentrasi 100 ppm dengan 3 kali replikasi. Analisis kadar total fenolik ekstrak etanol daun ketapang dilakukan secara deksriptif dengan membandingkan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil absorbansi yang diperoleh diketahui kadar total fenolik dari ekstrak etanol daun ketapang sebesar 48,702 ppm dalam 100 ppm ekstrak.